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r""" 

Some tools for developers 

 

AUTHORS: 

 

- Nicolas M. Thiery: initial version 

 

- Vincent Delecroix (2012 and 2013): improve import_statements 

""" 

#***************************************************************************** 

# Copyright (C) 2011 Nicolas M. Thiery <nthiery at users.sf.net> 

# 

# Distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL) 

# http://www.gnu.org/licenses/ 

#****************************************************************************** 

from __future__ import absolute_import 

from six import iteritems, string_types 

 

 

def runsnake(command): 

""" 

Graphical profiling with ``runsnake`` 

 

INPUT: 

 

- ``command`` -- the command to be run as a string. 

 

EXAMPLES:: 

 

sage: runsnake("list(SymmetricGroup(3))") # optional - runsnake 

 

``command`` is first preparsed (see :func:`preparse`):: 

 

sage: runsnake('for x in range(1,4): print(x^2)') # optional - runsnake 

1 

4 

9 

 

:func:`runsnake` requires the program ``runsnake``. Due to non 

trivial dependencies (python-wxgtk, ...), installing it within the 

Sage distribution is unpractical. Hence, we recommend installing 

it with the system wide Python. On Ubuntu 10.10, this can be done 

with:: 

 

> sudo apt-get install python-profiler python-wxgtk2.8 python-setuptools 

> sudo easy_install RunSnakeRun 

 

See the ``runsnake`` website for instructions for other platforms. 

 

:func:`runsnake` further assumes that the system wide Python is 

installed in ``/usr/bin/python``. 

 

.. SEEALSO:: 

 

- `The runsnake website <http://www.vrplumber.com/programming/runsnakerun/>`_ 

- ``%prun`` 

- :class:`Profiler` 

 

""" 

import cProfile 

import os 

from sage.misc.temporary_file import tmp_filename 

from sage.misc.misc import get_main_globals 

from sage.repl.preparse import preparse 

tmpfile = tmp_filename() 

cProfile.runctx(preparse(command.lstrip().rstrip()), get_main_globals(), locals(), filename=tmpfile) 

os.system("/usr/bin/python -E `which runsnake` %s &" % tmpfile) 

 

 

def import_statement_string(module, names, lazy): 

r""" 

Return a (lazy) import statement for ``names`` from ``module``. 

 

INPUT: 

 

- ``module`` -- the name of a module 

 

- ``names`` -- a list of 2-tuples containing names and alias to 

import 

 

- ``lazy`` -- a boolean: whether to return a lazy import statement 

 

EXAMPLES:: 

 

sage: import sage.misc.dev_tools as dt 

sage: modname = 'sage.misc.dev_tools' 

sage: names_and_aliases = [('import_statement_string', 'iss')] 

sage: dt.import_statement_string(modname, names_and_aliases, False) 

'from sage.misc.dev_tools import import_statement_string as iss' 

sage: dt.import_statement_string(modname, names_and_aliases, True) 

"lazy_import('sage.misc.dev_tools', 'import_statement_string', 'iss')" 

sage: dt.import_statement_string(modname, [('a','b'),('c','c'),('d','e')], False) 

'from sage.misc.dev_tools import a as b, c, d as e' 

sage: dt.import_statement_string(modname, [(None,None)], False) 

'import sage.misc.dev_tools' 

""" 

if lazy: 

if len(names) == 1: 

name, alias = names[0] 

if name == alias: 

if name is None: 

raise ValueError("can not lazy import modules") 

return "lazy_import('%s', '%s')" % (module, name) 

else: 

return "lazy_import('%s', '%s', '%s')" % (module, name, alias) 

obj_names = "[" + ", ".join("'" + name[0] + "'" for name in names) + "]" 

obj_aliases = "[" + ", ".join("'" + name[1] + "'" for name in names) + "]" 

return "lazy_import('%s', %s, %s)" % (module, obj_names, obj_aliases) 

else: 

import_module = False 

name_list = [] 

for name, alias in names: 

if name == alias: 

if name is None: 

import_module = True 

continue 

name_list.append(name) 

else: 

name_list.append("%s as %s" % (name, alias)) 

res = [] 

if import_module: 

res.append("import %s" % module) 

if name_list: 

res.append("from %s import %s" % (module, ', '.join(name_list))) 

return "\n".join(res) 

 

 

def load_submodules(module=None, exclude_pattern=None): 

r""" 

Load all submodules of a given modules. 

 

This method is intended to be used by developers and especially the one 

who uses :func:`import_statements`. By default it load the sage library and 

it takes around a minute. 

 

INPUT: 

 

- ``module`` - an optional module 

 

- ``exclude_pattern`` - an optional regular expression pattern of module 

names that have to be excluded. 

 

EXAMPLES:: 

 

sage: sage.misc.dev_tools.load_submodules(sage.combinat) 

load sage.combinat.algebraic_combinatorics... succeeded 

... 

load sage.combinat.words.suffix_trees... succeeded 

 

Calling a second time has no effect (since the function does not import 

modules already imported):: 

 

sage: sage.misc.dev_tools.load_submodules(sage.combinat) 

 

The second argument allows to exclude a pattern:: 

 

sage: sage.misc.dev_tools.load_submodules(sage.geometry, "database$|lattice") 

load sage.geometry.fan_isomorphism... succeeded 

load sage.geometry.hyperplane_arrangement.affine_subspace... succeeded 

... 

load sage.geometry.riemannian_manifolds.surface3d_generators... succeeded 

 

sage: sage.misc.dev_tools.load_submodules(sage.geometry) 

load sage.geometry.polyhedron.lattice_euclidean_group_element... succeeded 

load sage.geometry.polyhedron.palp_database... succeeded 

load sage.geometry.polyhedron.ppl_lattice_polygon... succeeded 

""" 

import sys 

import pkgutil 

 

if module is None: 

import sage 

module = sage 

exclude_pattern = "^sage\.libs|^sage\.tests|tests$|^sage\.all_|all$|sage\.interacts$|^sage\.misc\.benchmark$" 

 

if exclude_pattern: 

import re 

exclude = re.compile(exclude_pattern) 

else: 

exclude = None 

 

for importer, module_name, ispkg in pkgutil.walk_packages(module.__path__, module.__name__ + '.'): 

if ispkg or module_name in sys.modules: 

continue 

 

# we exclude several sage components because loading them is much of a 

# problem... 

if exclude and exclude.search(module_name): 

continue 

 

try: 

sys.stdout.write("load %s..." % module_name) 

sys.stdout.flush() 

loader = importer.find_module(module_name) 

loader.load_module(module_name) 

sys.stdout.write(" succeeded\n") 

except (ValueError, AttributeError, TypeError, ImportError): 

# we might get error because of cython code that has been 

# compiled but with source removed 

sys.stdout.write("failed\n") 

 

 

def find_objects_from_name(name, module_name=None): 

r""" 

Return the list of objects from ``module_name`` whose name is ``name``. 

 

If ``module_name`` is ``None``, the function runs through all 

loaded modules and returns the list of objects whose name matches ``name``. 

 

If ``module_name`` is not ``None``, then search only in submodules of 

``module_name``. 

 

In order to search through more modules you might use the function 

:func:`load_submodules`. 

 

EXAMPLES:: 

 

sage: import sage.misc.dev_tools as dt 

sage: dt.find_objects_from_name('FareySymbol') 

[<type 'sage.modular.arithgroup.farey_symbol.Farey'>] 

 

sage: import sympy 

sage: dt.find_objects_from_name('RR') 

[Real Field with 53 bits of precision, RR] 

sage: dt.find_objects_from_name('RR', 'sage') 

[Real Field with 53 bits of precision] 

sage: dt.find_objects_from_name('RR', 'sympy') 

[RR] 

 

Examples that do not belong to the global namespace but in a loaded module:: 

 

sage: 'find_objects_from_name' in globals() 

False 

sage: objs = dt.find_objects_from_name('find_objects_from_name') 

sage: len(objs) 

1 

sage: dt.find_objects_from_name is dt.find_objects_from_name 

True 

 

.. NOTE:: 

 

It might be a good idea to move this function into 

:mod:`sage.misc.sageinspect`. 

""" 

import sys 

 

obj = [] 

for smodule_name, smodule in iteritems(sys.modules): 

if module_name and not smodule_name.startswith(module_name): 

continue 

if hasattr(smodule, '__dict__') and name in smodule.__dict__: 

u = smodule.__dict__[name] 

if all(v is not u for v in obj): 

obj.append(u) 

 

return obj 

 

 

def find_object_modules(obj): 

r""" 

Return a dictionary whose keys are the names of the modules where ``obj`` 

appear and the value at a given module name is the list of names that 

``obj`` have in that module. 

 

It is very unlikely that the output dictionary has several keys except when 

``obj`` is an instance of a class. 

 

EXAMPLES:: 

 

sage: from sage.misc.dev_tools import find_object_modules 

sage: find_object_modules(RR) 

{'sage.rings.real_mpfr': ['RR']} 

sage: find_object_modules(ZZ) 

{'sage.rings.integer_ring': ['Z', 'ZZ']} 

 

.. NOTE:: 

 

It might be a good idea to move this function in 

:mod:`sage.misc.sageinspect`. 

""" 

from sage.misc import sageinspect 

 

# see if the object is defined in its own module 

# might be wrong for class instances as the instanciation might appear 

# outside of the module !! 

module_name = None 

if sageinspect.isclassinstance(obj): 

module_name = obj.__class__.__module__ 

elif hasattr(obj, '__module__') and obj.__module__: 

module_name = obj.__module__ 

 

if module_name: 

import sys 

if module_name not in sys.modules: 

raise ValueError("This should not happen!") 

d = sys.modules[module_name].__dict__ 

matching = sorted(key for key in d if d[key] is obj) 

if matching: 

return {module_name: matching} 

 

# otherwise, we parse all (already loaded) modules and hope to find 

# something 

import sys 

module_to_obj = {} 

for module_name, module in iteritems(sys.modules): 

if module_name != '__main__' and hasattr(module, '__dict__'): 

d = module.__dict__ 

names = [key for key in d if d[key] is obj] 

if names: 

module_to_obj[module_name] = names 

 

# if the object is an instance, we try to guess where it is defined 

if sageinspect.isclassinstance(obj): 

import re 

dec_pattern = re.compile("^(\w[\w0-9\_]*)\s*=", re.MULTILINE) 

module_to_obj2 = {} 

for module_name, obj_names in iteritems(module_to_obj): 

module_to_obj2[module_name] = [] 

src = sageinspect.sage_getsource(sys.modules[module_name]) 

m = dec_pattern.search(src) 

while m: 

if m.group(1) in obj_names: 

module_to_obj2[module_name].append(m.group(1)) 

m = dec_pattern.search(src, m.end()) 

 

if not module_to_obj2[module_name]: 

del module_to_obj2[module_name] 

 

if module_to_obj2: 

return module_to_obj2 

 

return module_to_obj 

 

 

def import_statements(*objects, **kwds): 

r""" 

Print import statements for the given objects. 

 

INPUT: 

 

- ``*objects`` -- a sequence of objects or names. 

 

- ``lazy`` -- a boolean (default: ``False``) 

Whether to print a lazy import statement. 

 

- ``verbose`` -- a boolean (default: ``True``) 

Whether to print information in case of ambiguity. 

 

- ``answer_as_str`` -- a boolean (default: ``False``) 

If ``True`` return a string instead of printing the statement. 

 

EXAMPLES:: 

 

sage: import_statements(WeylGroup, lazy_attribute) 

from sage.combinat.root_system.weyl_group import WeylGroup 

from sage.misc.lazy_attribute import lazy_attribute 

 

sage: import_statements(IntegerRing) 

from sage.rings.integer_ring import IntegerRing 

 

If ``lazy`` is True, then :func:`lazy_import` statements are 

displayed instead:: 

 

sage: import_statements(WeylGroup, lazy_attribute, lazy=True) 

from sage.misc.lazy_import import lazy_import 

lazy_import('sage.combinat.root_system.weyl_group', 'WeylGroup') 

lazy_import('sage.misc.lazy_attribute', 'lazy_attribute') 

 

In principle, the function should also work on object which are instances. 

In case of ambiguity, one or two warning lines are printed:: 

 

sage: import_statements(RDF) 

from sage.rings.real_double import RDF 

 

sage: import_statements(ZZ) 

# ** Warning **: several names for that object: Z, ZZ 

from sage.rings.integer_ring import Z 

 

sage: import_statements(euler_phi) 

from sage.arith.misc import euler_phi 

 

sage: import_statements(x) 

from sage.calculus.predefined import x 

 

If you don't like the warning you can disable them with the option ``verbose``:: 

 

sage: import_statements(ZZ, verbose=False) 

from sage.rings.integer_ring import Z 

 

sage: import_statements(x, verbose=False) 

from sage.calculus.predefined import x 

 

If the object has several names, an other way to get the import 

statement you expect is to use a string instead of the object:: 

 

sage: import_statements(matrix) 

# ** Warning **: several names for that object: Matrix, matrix 

from sage.matrix.constructor import Matrix 

 

sage: import_statements('cached_function') 

from sage.misc.cachefunc import cached_function 

sage: import_statements('Z') 

# **Warning**: distinct objects with name 'Z' in: 

# - sage.calculus.predefined 

# - sage.rings.integer_ring 

from sage.rings.integer_ring import Z 

 

Specifying a string is also useful for objects that are not 

imported in the Sage interpreter namespace by default. In this 

case, an object with that name is looked up in all the modules 

that have been imported in this session:: 

 

sage: import_statement_string 

Traceback (most recent call last): 

... 

NameError: name 'import_statement_string' is not defined 

 

sage: import_statements("import_statement_string") 

from sage.misc.dev_tools import import_statement_string 

 

Sometimes objects are imported as an alias (from XXX import YYY as ZZZ) or 

are affected (XXX = YYY) and the function might detect it:: 

 

sage: import_statements('FareySymbol') 

from sage.modular.arithgroup.farey_symbol import Farey as FareySymbol 

 

sage: import_statements('power') 

from sage.arith.power import generic_power as power 

 

In order to be able to detect functions that belong to a non-loaded module, 

you might call the helper :func:`load_submodules` as in the following:: 

 

sage: import_statements('HeckeMonoid') 

Traceback (most recent call last): 

... 

LookupError: no object named 'HeckeMonoid' 

sage: from sage.misc.dev_tools import load_submodules 

sage: load_submodules(sage.monoids) 

load sage.monoids.automatic_semigroup... succeeded 

load sage.monoids.hecke_monoid... succeeded 

load sage.monoids.indexed_free_monoid... succeeded 

sage: import_statements('HeckeMonoid') 

from sage.monoids.hecke_monoid import HeckeMonoid 

 

We test different objects which have no appropriate answer:: 

 

sage: import_statements('my_tailor_is_rich') 

Traceback (most recent call last): 

... 

LookupError: no object named 'my_tailor_is_rich' 

sage: import_statements(5) 

Traceback (most recent call last): 

... 

ValueError: no import statement found for '5'. 

 

We test that it behaves well with lazy imported objects (:trac:`14767`):: 

 

sage: import_statements(NN) 

from sage.rings.semirings.non_negative_integer_semiring import NN 

sage: import_statements('NN') 

from sage.rings.semirings.non_negative_integer_semiring import NN 

 

Deprecated lazy imports are ignored (see :trac:`17458`):: 

 

sage: lazy_import('sage.all', 'RR', 'deprecated_RR', namespace=sage.__dict__, deprecation=17458) 

sage: import_statements('deprecated_RR') 

Traceback (most recent call last): 

... 

LookupError: object named 'deprecated_RR' is deprecated (see trac ticket 17458) 

sage: lazy_import('sage.all', 'RR', namespace=sage.__dict__, deprecation=17458) 

sage: import_statements('RR') 

from sage.rings.real_mpfr import RR 

 

The following were fixed with :trac:`15351`:: 

 

sage: import_statements('Rationals') 

from sage.rings.rational_field import RationalField as Rationals 

sage: import_statements(sage.combinat.partition_algebra.SetPartitionsAk) 

from sage.combinat.partition_algebra import SetPartitionsAk 

sage: import_statements(CIF) 

from sage.rings.all import CIF 

sage: import_statements(NaN) 

from sage.symbolic.constants import NaN 

sage: import_statements(pi) 

from sage.symbolic.constants import pi 

sage: import_statements('SAGE_ENV') 

from sage.env import SAGE_ENV 

sage: import_statements('graph_decompositions') 

import sage.graphs.graph_decompositions 

 

Check that a name from the global namespace is properly found (see 

:trac:`23779`):: 

 

sage: import_statements('log') 

from sage.functions.log import log 

 

.. NOTE:: 

 

The programmers try to made this function as smart as possible. 

Nevertheless it is far from being perfect (for example it does not 

detect deprecated stuff). So, if you use it, double check the answer and 

report weird behaviors. 

""" 

import inspect 

from sage.misc.lazy_import import LazyImport 

 

answer = {} 

# a dictionary module -> [(name1,alias1), (name2,alias2) ...] 

# where "nameX" is an object in "module" that has to be 

# imported with the alias "aliasX" 

 

lazy = kwds.pop("lazy", False) 

verbose = kwds.pop("verbose", True) 

answer_as_str = kwds.pop("answer_as_str", False) 

 

if kwds: 

raise TypeError("Unexpected '%s' argument" % next(iter(kwds.keys()))) 

 

for obj in objects: 

name = None # the name of the object 

 

# 1. if obj is a string, we look for an object that has that name 

if isinstance(obj, string_types): 

from sage.all import sage_globals 

G = sage_globals() 

name = obj 

if name in G: 

# 1.a. object in the sage namespace 

obj = [G[name]] 

else: 

# 1.b. object inside a submodule of sage 

obj = find_objects_from_name(name, 'sage') 

if not obj: 

# 1.c. object from something already imported 

obj = find_objects_from_name(name) 

 

# remove lazy imported objects from list obj 

i = 0 

deprecation = None 

while i < len(obj): 

if isinstance(obj[i], LazyImport): 

tmp = obj.pop(i) 

# Ignore deprecated lazy imports 

tmp_deprecation = tmp._get_deprecation_ticket() 

if tmp_deprecation: 

deprecation = tmp_deprecation 

else: 

tmp = tmp._get_object() 

if all(u is not tmp for u in obj): 

obj.append(tmp) 

else: 

i += 1 

 

if verbose and len(obj) > 1: 

modules = set() 

for o in obj: 

modules.update(find_object_modules(o)) 

print("# **Warning**: distinct objects with name '{}' in:".format(name)) 

for module_name in sorted(modules): 

print("# - {}".format(module_name)) 

 

# choose a random object among the potentially enormous list of 

# objects we get from "name" 

try: 

obj = obj[0] 

except IndexError: 

if deprecation: 

raise LookupError("object named %r is deprecated (see trac ticket %s)" % (name, deprecation)) 

else: 

raise LookupError("no object named %r" % name) 

 

# 1'. if obj is a LazyImport we recover the real object 

if isinstance(obj, LazyImport): 

obj = obj._get_object() 

 

# 2. Find out in which modules obj lives 

# and update answer with a couple of strings "(name,alias)" where "name" is 

# the name of the object in the module and "alias" is the name of the 

# object 

 

# easy case: the object is itself a module 

if inspect.ismodule(obj): 

module_name = obj.__name__ 

if module_name not in answer: 

answer[module_name] = [] 

answer[module_name].append((None, None)) 

continue 

 

modules = find_object_modules(obj) 

if '__main__' in modules: 

del modules['__main__'] 

 

if not modules: 

raise ValueError("no import statement found for '{}'.".format(obj)) 

 

if len(modules) == 1: # the module is well defined 

(module_name, obj_names), = modules.items() 

if name is None: 

if verbose and len(obj_names) > 1: 

print("# ** Warning **: several names for that object: {}".format(', '.join(sorted(obj_names)))) 

name = alias = obj_names[0] 

elif name in modules[module_name]: 

alias = name 

else: 

alias = name 

name = obj_names[0] 

 

if module_name not in answer: 

answer[module_name] = [] 

 

answer[module_name].append((name, alias)) 

continue 

 

# here modules contain several answers and we first try to see if there 

# is a best one (i.e. the object "obj" is contained in the module and 

# has name "name") 

if name is not None: 

good_modules = [] 

for module_name in modules: 

if name in modules[module_name]: 

good_modules.append(module_name) 

 

if len(good_modules) == 1: 

if module_name not in answer: 

answer[module_name] = [] 

answer[module_name].append((name, name)) 

continue 

 

# if the object is a class instance, it is likely that it is defined in 

# some XYZ.all module 

from .sageinspect import isclassinstance 

if isclassinstance(obj): 

module_name = type(obj).__module__ 

i = module_name.rfind('.') 

all_module_name = module_name[:i] + '.all' 

if all_module_name in modules: 

module_name = all_module_name 

modules[module_name][0] 

else: 

module_name = None 

 

if module_name is None: 

# here, either "obj" is a class instance but there is no natural 

# candidate for its module or "obj" is not a class instance. 

 

not_all_modules = [module_name for module_name in modules 

if '.all_' not in module_name and not module_name.endswith('.all')] 

if not(not_all_modules): 

print("# ** Warning **: the object {} is only defined in .all modules".format(obj)) 

module_name = next(iter(modules.keys())) 

else: 

if len(not_all_modules) > 1: 

print("# ** Warning **: several modules for the object {}: {}".format(obj, ', '.join(modules.keys()))) 

module_name = not_all_modules[0] 

 

# 3. Now that we found the module, we fix the problem of the alias 

if name is None: 

alias = name = modules[module_name][0] 

else: 

alias = name 

name = modules[module_name][0] 

 

if module_name not in answer: 

answer[module_name] = [] 

answer[module_name].append((name, alias)) 

 

res = [] 

 

if lazy: 

res.append("from sage.misc.lazy_import import lazy_import") 

 

for module_name in sorted(answer.keys()): 

res.append(import_statement_string(module_name, answer[module_name], lazy)) 

 

if answer_as_str: 

return '\n'.join(res) 

else: 

print('\n'.join(res))