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r""" Weierstrass form of a toric elliptic curve.
There are 16 reflexive polygons in the plane, see :func:`~sage.geometry.lattice_polytope.ReflexivePolytopes`. Each of them defines a toric Fano variety. And each of them has a unique crepant resolution to a smooth toric surface [CLSsurfaces]_ by subdividing the face fan. An anticanonical hypersurface defines an elliptic curve in this ambient space, which we call a toric elliptic curve. The purpose of this module is to write an anticanonical hypersurface equation in the short Weierstrass form `y^2 = x^3 + f x + g`. This works over any base ring as long as its characteristic `\not= 2,3`.
For an analogous treatment of elliptic curves defined as complete intersection in higher dimensional toric varieties, see the module :mod:`~sage.schemes.toric.weierstrass_higher`.
Technically, this module computes the Weierstrass form of the Jacobian of the elliptic curve. This is why you will never have to specify the origin (or zero section) in the following.
It turns out [VolkerBraun]_ that the anticanonical hypersurface equation of any one of the above 16 toric surfaces is a specialization (that is, set one or more of the coefficients to zero) of the following three cases. In inhomogeneous coordinates, they are
* Cubic in `\mathbb{P}^2`:
.. MATH::
\begin{split} p(x,y) =&\; a_{30} x^{3} + a_{21} x^{2} y + a_{12} x y^{2} + a_{03} y^{3} + a_{20} x^{2} + \\ &\; a_{11} x y + a_{02} y^{2} + a_{10} x + a_{01} y + a_{00} \end{split}
* Biquadric in `\mathbb{P}^1\times \mathbb{P}^1`:
.. MATH::
\begin{split} p(x,y) =&\; a_{22} x^2 y^2 + a_{21} x^2 y + a_{20} x^2 + a_{12} x y^2 + \\ &\; a_{11} x y + x a_{10} + y^2 a_{02} + y a_{01} + a_{00} \end{split}
* Anticanonical hypersurface in weighted projective space `\mathbb{P}^2[1,1,2]`:
.. MATH::
\begin{split} p(x,y) =&\; a_{40} x^4 + a_{30} x^3 + a_{21} x^2 y + a_{20} x^2 + \\ &\; a_{11} x y + a_{02} y^2 + a_{10} x + a_{01} y + a_{00} \end{split}
EXAMPLES:
The main functionality is provided by :func:`WeierstrassForm`, which brings each of the above hypersurface equations into Weierstrass form::
sage: R.<x,y> = QQ[] sage: cubic = x^3 + y^3 + 1 sage: WeierstrassForm(cubic) (0, -27/4) sage: WeierstrassForm(x^4 + y^2 + 1) (-4, 0) sage: WeierstrassForm(x^2*y^2 + x^2 + y^2 + 1) (-16/3, 128/27)
Only the affine span of the Newton polytope of the polynomial matters. For example::
sage: R.<x,y,z> = QQ[] sage: WeierstrassForm(x^3 + y^3 + z^3) (0, -27/4) sage: WeierstrassForm(x * cubic) (0, -27/4)
This allows you to work with either homogeneous or inhomogeneous variables. For example, here is the del Pezzo surface of degree 8::
sage: dP8 = toric_varieties.dP8() sage: dP8.inject_variables() Defining t, x, y, z sage: WeierstrassForm(x*y^2 + y^2*z + t^2*x^3 + t^2*z^3) (-3, -2) sage: WeierstrassForm(x*y^2 + y^2 + x^3 + 1) (-3, -2)
By specifying only certain variables we can compute the Weierstrass form over the polynomial ring generated by the remaining variables. For example, here is a cubic over `\QQ[a]` ::
sage: R.<a, x, y, z> = QQ[] sage: cubic = x^3 + a*y^3 + a^2*z^3 sage: WeierstrassForm(cubic, variables=[x,y,z]) (0, -27/4*a^6)
TESTS::
sage: R.<f, g, x, y> = QQ[] sage: cubic = -y^2 + x^3 + f*x + g sage: WeierstrassForm(cubic, variables=[x,y]) (f, g)
REFERENCES:
.. [VolkerBraun] Volker Braun: Toric Elliptic Fibrations and F-Theory Compactifications :arxiv:`1110.4883`
.. [Duistermaat] J. J. Duistermaat, Discrete integrable systems. QRT maps and elliptic surfaces. Springer Monographs in Mathematics. Berlin: Springer. xxii, 627 p., 2010
.. [ArtinVillegasTate] Michael Artin, Fernando Rodriguez-Villegas, John Tate, On the Jacobians of plane cubics, Advances in Mathematics 198 (2005) 1, pp. 366--382 :doi:`10.1016/j.aim.2005.06.004` http://www.math.utexas.edu/users/villegas/publications/jacobian-cubics.pdf
.. [CLSsurfaces] Section 10.4 in David A. Cox, John B. Little, Hal Schenck, "Toric Varieties", Graduate Studies in Mathematics, Amer. Math. Soc., Providence, RI, 2011 """
######################################################################## # Copyright (C) 2012 Volker Braun <vbraun.name@gmail.com> # # Distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL) # # http://www.gnu.org/licenses/ ########################################################################
###################################################################### # # Discriminant and j-invariant # ######################################################################
r""" The discriminant of the elliptic curve.
INPUT:
See :func:`WeierstrassForm` for how to specify the input polynomial(s) and variables.
OUTPUT:
The discriminant of the elliptic curve.
EXAMPLES::
sage: from sage.schemes.toric.weierstrass import Discriminant sage: R.<x, y, z> = QQ[] sage: Discriminant(x^3+y^3+z^3) 19683/16 sage: Discriminant(x*y*z) 0 sage: R.<w,x,y,z> = QQ[] sage: quadratic1 = w^2+x^2+y^2 sage: quadratic2 = z^2 + w*x sage: Discriminant([quadratic1, quadratic2]) -1/16 """
###################################################################### r""" Return the `j`-invariant of the elliptic curve.
INPUT:
See :func:`WeierstrassForm` for how to specify the input polynomial(s) and variables.
OUTPUT:
The j-invariant of the (irreducible) cubic. Notable special values:
* The Fermat cubic: `j(x^3+y^3+z^3) = 0`
* A nodal cubic: `j(-y^2 + x^2 + x^3) = \infty`
* A cuspidal cubic `y^2=x^3` has undefined `j`-invariant. In this case, a ``ValueError`` is returned.
EXAMPLES::
sage: from sage.schemes.toric.weierstrass import j_invariant sage: R.<x,y,z> = QQ[] sage: j_invariant(x^3+y^3+z^3) 0 sage: j_invariant(-y^2 + x^2 + x^3) +Infinity sage: R.<x,y,z, a,b> = QQ[] sage: j_invariant( -y^2*z + x^3 + a*x*z^2, [x,y,z]) 1728
TESTS::
sage: j_invariant(x*y*z) Traceback (most recent call last): ... ValueError: curve is singular and has no well-defined j-invariant """
###################################################################### # # Weierstrass form of any elliptic curve # ###################################################################### """ Return the Newton polytope in the given variables.
INPUT:
See :func:`WeierstrassForm` for how to specify the input polynomial and variables.
OUTPUT:
A dictionary with keys the integral values of the Newton polytope and values the corresponding coefficient of ``polynomial``.
EXAMPLES::
sage: from sage.schemes.toric.weierstrass import Newton_polytope_vars_coeffs sage: R.<x,y,z,a30,a21,a12,a03,a20,a11,a02,a10,a01,a00> = QQ[] sage: p = (a30*x^3 + a21*x^2*y + a12*x*y^2 + a03*y^3 + a20*x^2*z + ....: a11*x*y*z + a02*y^2*z + a10*x*z^2 + a01*y*z^2 + a00*z^3) sage: p_data = Newton_polytope_vars_coeffs(p, [x,y,z]); p_data {(0, 0, 3): a00, (0, 1, 2): a01, (0, 2, 1): a02, (0, 3, 0): a03, (1, 0, 2): a10, (1, 1, 1): a11, (1, 2, 0): a12, (2, 0, 1): a20, (2, 1, 0): a21, (3, 0, 0): a30}
sage: from sage.geometry.polyhedron.ppl_lattice_polytope import LatticePolytope_PPL sage: polytope = LatticePolytope_PPL(p_data.keys()); polytope A 2-dimensional lattice polytope in ZZ^3 with 3 vertices sage: polytope.vertices() ((0, 0, 3), (3, 0, 0), (0, 3, 0)) sage: polytope.embed_in_reflexive_polytope() The map A*x+b with A= [-1 -1] [ 0 1] [ 1 0] b = (3, 0, 0) """
###################################################################### r""" Embed the Newton polytope of the polynomial in one of the three maximal reflexive polygons.
This function is a helper for :func:`WeierstrassForm`
INPUT:
Same as :func:`WeierstrassForm` with only a single polynomial passed.
OUTPUT:
A tuple `(\Delta, P, (x,y))` where
* `\Delta` is the Newton polytope of ``polynomial``.
* `P(x,y)` equals the input ``polynomial`` but with redefined variables such that its Newton polytope is `\Delta`.
EXAMPLES::
sage: from sage.schemes.toric.weierstrass import Newton_polygon_embedded sage: R.<x,y,z> = QQ[] sage: cubic = x^3 + y^3 + z^3 sage: Newton_polygon_embedded(cubic, [x,y,z]) (A 2-dimensional lattice polytope in ZZ^3 with 3 vertices, x^3 + y^3 + 1, (x, y))
sage: R.<a, x,y,z> = QQ[] sage: cubic = x^3 + a*y^3 + a^2*z^3 sage: Newton_polygon_embedded(cubic, variables=[x,y,z]) (A 2-dimensional lattice polytope in ZZ^3 with 3 vertices, a^2*x^3 + y^3 + a, (x, y))
sage: R.<s,t,x,y> = QQ[] sage: biquadric = (s+t)^2 * (x+y)^2 sage: Newton_polygon_embedded(biquadric, [s,t,x,y]) (A 2-dimensional lattice polytope in ZZ^4 with 4 vertices, s^2*t^2 + 2*s^2*t + 2*s*t^2 + s^2 + 4*s*t + t^2 + 2*s + 2*t + 1, (s, t)) """
###################################################################### r""" Return the Weierstrass form of an elliptic curve inside either inside a toric surface or $\mathbb{P}^3$.
INPUT:
- ``polynomial`` -- either a polynomial or a list of polynomials defining the elliptic curve. A single polynomial can be either a cubic, a biquadric, or the hypersurface in `\mathbb{P}^2[1,1,2]`. In this case the equation need not be in any standard form, only its Newton polyhedron is used. If two polynomials are passed, they must both be quadratics in `\mathbb{P}^3`.
- ``variables`` -- a list of variables of the parent polynomial ring or ``None`` (default). In the latter case, all variables are taken to be polynomial ring variables. If a subset of polynomial ring variables are given, the Weierstrass form is determined over the function field generated by the remaining variables.
- ``transformation`` -- boolean (default: ``False``). Whether to return the new variables that bring ``polynomial`` into Weierstrass form.
OUTPUT:
The pair of coefficients `(f,g)` of the Weierstrass form `y^2 = x^3 + f x + g` of the hypersurface equation.
If ``transformation=True``, a triple `(X,Y,Z)` of polynomials defining a rational map of the toric hypersurface or complete intersection in `\mathbb{P}^3` to its Weierstrass form in `\mathbb{P}^2[2,3,1]` is returned. That is, the triple satisfies
.. MATH::
Y^2 = X^3 + f X Z^4 + g Z^6
when restricted to the toric hypersurface or complete intersection.
EXAMPLES::
sage: R.<x,y,z> = QQ[] sage: cubic = x^3 + y^3 + z^3 sage: f, g = WeierstrassForm(cubic); (f, g) (0, -27/4)
Same in inhomogeneous coordinates::
sage: R.<x,y> = QQ[] sage: cubic = x^3 + y^3 + 1 sage: f, g = WeierstrassForm(cubic); (f, g) (0, -27/4)
sage: X,Y,Z = WeierstrassForm(cubic, transformation=True); (X,Y,Z) (-x^3*y^3 - x^3 - y^3, 1/2*x^6*y^3 - 1/2*x^3*y^6 - 1/2*x^6 + 1/2*y^6 + 1/2*x^3 - 1/2*y^3, x*y)
Note that plugging in `[X:Y:Z]` to the Weierstrass equation is a complicated polynomial, but contains the hypersurface equation as a factor::
sage: -Y^2 + X^3 + f*X*Z^4 + g*Z^6 -1/4*x^12*y^6 - 1/2*x^9*y^9 - 1/4*x^6*y^12 + 1/2*x^12*y^3 - 7/2*x^9*y^6 - 7/2*x^6*y^9 + 1/2*x^3*y^12 - 1/4*x^12 - 7/2*x^9*y^3 - 45/4*x^6*y^6 - 7/2*x^3*y^9 - 1/4*y^12 - 1/2*x^9 - 7/2*x^6*y^3 - 7/2*x^3*y^6 - 1/2*y^9 - 1/4*x^6 + 1/2*x^3*y^3 - 1/4*y^6 sage: cubic.divides(-Y^2 + X^3 + f*X*Z^4 + g*Z^6) True
Only the affine span of the Newton polytope of the polynomial matters. For example::
sage: R.<x,y,z> = QQ[] sage: cubic = x^3 + y^3 + z^3 sage: WeierstrassForm(cubic.subs(z=1)) (0, -27/4) sage: WeierstrassForm(x * cubic) (0, -27/4)
This allows you to work with either homogeneous or inhomogeneous variables. For example, here is the del Pezzo surface of degree 8::
sage: dP8 = toric_varieties.dP8() sage: dP8.inject_variables() Defining t, x, y, z sage: WeierstrassForm(x*y^2 + y^2*z + t^2*x^3 + t^2*z^3) (-3, -2) sage: WeierstrassForm(x*y^2 + y^2 + x^3 + 1) (-3, -2)
By specifying only certain variables we can compute the Weierstrass form over the function field generated by the remaining variables. For example, here is a cubic over `\QQ[a]` ::
sage: R.<a, x,y,z> = QQ[] sage: cubic = x^3 + a*y^3 + a^2*z^3 sage: WeierstrassForm(cubic, variables=[x,y,z]) (0, -27/4*a^6)
TESTS::
sage: for P in ReflexivePolytopes(2): ....: S = ToricVariety(FaceFan(P)) ....: p = sum((-S.K()).sections_monomials()) ....: print(WeierstrassForm(p)) (-25/48, -1475/864) (-97/48, 17/864) (-25/48, -611/864) (-27/16, 27/32) (47/48, -199/864) (47/48, -71/864) (5/16, -21/32) (23/48, -235/864) (-1/48, 161/864) (-25/48, 253/864) (5/16, 11/32) (-25/48, 125/864) (-67/16, 63/32) (-11/16, 3/32) (-241/48, 3689/864) (215/48, -5291/864) """ polar_P2_polytope, polar_P1xP1_polytope, polar_P2_112_polytope) Newton_polygon_embedded(polynomial, variables) raise ValueError('Newton polytope is not contained in a reflexive polygon')
###################################################################### # # Weierstrass form of cubic in P^2 # ###################################################################### """ Raise ``ValueError`` if the polynomial is not weighted homogeneous.
INPUT:
- ``polynomial`` -- the input polynomial. See :func:`WeierstrassForm` for details.
- ``variables`` -- the variables. See :func:`WeierstrassForm` for details.
- ``weights`` -- list of integers, one per variable. the weights of the variables.
- ``total_weight`` -- an integer or ``None`` (default). If an integer is passed, it is also checked that the weighted total degree of polynomial is this value.
OUTPUT:
This function returns nothing. If the polynomial is not weighted homogeneous, a ``ValueError`` is raised.
EXAMPLES::
sage: from sage.schemes.toric.weierstrass import _check_homogeneity sage: R.<x,y,z,a30,a21,a12,a03,a20,a11,a02,a10,a01,a00> = QQ[] sage: p = (a30*x^3 + a21*x^2*y + a12*x*y^2 + a03*y^3 + a20*x^2*z + ....: a11*x*y*z + a02*y^2*z + a10*x*z^2 + a01*y*z^2 + a00*z^3) sage: _check_homogeneity(p, [x,y,z], (1,1,1), 3)
sage: _check_homogeneity(p+x^4, [x,y,z], (1,1,1), 3) Traceback (most recent call last): ... ValueError: The polynomial is not homogeneous with weights (1, 1, 1) """ else: 'weights '+str(weights))
###################################################################### """ Return the coefficients of ``monomials``.
INPUT:
- ``polynomial`` -- the input polynomial
- ``monomials`` -- a list of monomials in the polynomial ring
- ``variables`` -- a list of variables in the polynomial ring
OUTPUT:
A tuple containing the coefficients of the monomials in the given polynomial.
EXAMPLES::
sage: from sage.schemes.toric.weierstrass import _extract_coefficients sage: R.<x,y,z,a30,a21,a12,a03,a20,a11,a02,a10,a01,a00> = QQ[] sage: p = (a30*x^3 + a21*x^2*y + a12*x*y^2 + a03*y^3 + a20*x^2*z + ....: a11*x*y*z + a02*y^2*z + a10*x*z^2 + a01*y*z^2 + a00*z^3) sage: m = [x^3, y^3, z^3, x^2*y, x^2*z, x*y^2, y^2*z, x*z^2, y*z^2, x*y*z] sage: _extract_coefficients(p, m, [x,y,z]) (a30, a03, a00, a21, a20, a12, a02, a10, a01, a11)
sage: m = [x^3, y^3, 1, x^2*y, x^2, x*y^2, y^2, x, y, x*y] sage: _extract_coefficients(p.subs(z=1), m, [x,y]) (a30, a03, a00, a21, a20, a12, a02, a10, a01, a11) """
raise ValueError('The polynomial contains more monomials than ' 'given: '+str(coeffs))
###################################################################### """ Check the polynomial is weighted homogeneous in standard variables.
INPUT:
- ``cubic`` -- the input polynomial. See :func:`WeierstrassForm` for details.
- ``variables`` -- the variables or ``None``. See :func:`WeierstrassForm` for details.
OUTPUT:
This functions returns ``variables``, potentially guessed from the polynomial ring. A ``ValueError`` is raised if the polynomial is not homogeneous.
EXAMPLES:
sage: from sage.schemes.toric.weierstrass import _check_polynomial_P2 sage: R.<x,y,z> = QQ[] sage: cubic = x^3+y^3+z^3 sage: _check_polynomial_P2(cubic, [x,y,z]) (x, y, z) sage: _check_polynomial_P2(cubic, None) (x, y, z) sage: _check_polynomial_P2(cubic.subs(z=1), None) (x, y, None) sage: R.<x,y,z,t> = QQ[] sage: cubic = x^3+y^3+z^3 + t*x*y*z sage: _check_polynomial_P2(cubic, [x,y,z]) (x, y, z) sage: _check_polynomial_P2(cubic, [x,y,t]) Traceback (most recent call last): ... ValueError: The polynomial is not homogeneous with weights (1, 1, 1) """ else: raise ValueError('Need two or three variables, got '+str(variables))
###################################################################### r""" Bring a cubic into Weierstrass form.
Input/output is the same as :func:`WeierstrassForm`, except that the input polynomial must be a standard cubic in `\mathbb{P}^2`,
.. MATH::
\begin{split} p(x,y) =&\; a_{30} x^{3} + a_{21} x^{2} y + a_{12} x y^{2} + a_{03} y^{3} + a_{20} x^{2} + \\ &\; a_{11} x y + a_{02} y^{2} + a_{10} x + a_{01} y + a_{00} \end{split}
EXAMPLES::
sage: from sage.schemes.toric.weierstrass import WeierstrassForm_P2 sage: R.<x,y,z> = QQ[] sage: WeierstrassForm_P2( x^3+y^3+z^3 ) (0, -27/4)
sage: R.<x,y,z, a,b> = QQ[] sage: WeierstrassForm_P2( -y^2*z+x^3+a*x*z^2+b*z^3, [x,y,z] ) (a, b)
TESTS::
sage: R.<x,y,z,a30,a21,a12,a03,a20,a11,a02,a10,a01,a00> = QQ[] sage: p = ( a30*x^3 + a21*x^2*y + a12*x*y^2 + a03*y^3 + a20*x^2*z + ....: a11*x*y*z + a02*y^2*z + a10*x*z^2 + a01*y*z^2 + a00*z^3 ) sage: WeierstrassForm_P2(p, [x,y,z]) (-1/48*a11^4 + 1/6*a20*a11^2*a02 - 1/3*a20^2*a02^2 - 1/2*a03*a20*a11*a10 + 1/6*a12*a11^2*a10 + 1/3*a12*a20*a02*a10 - 1/2*a21*a11*a02*a10 + a30*a02^2*a10 - 1/3*a12^2*a10^2 + a21*a03*a10^2 + a03*a20^2*a01 - 1/2*a12*a20*a11*a01 + 1/6*a21*a11^2*a01 + 1/3*a21*a20*a02*a01 - 1/2*a30*a11*a02*a01 + 1/3*a21*a12*a10*a01 - 3*a30*a03*a10*a01 - 1/3*a21^2*a01^2 + a30*a12*a01^2 + a12^2*a20*a00 - 3*a21*a03*a20*a00 - 1/2*a21*a12*a11*a00 + 9/2*a30*a03*a11*a00 + a21^2*a02*a00 - 3*a30*a12*a02*a00, 1/864*a11^6 - 1/72*a20*a11^4*a02 + 1/18*a20^2*a11^2*a02^2 - 2/27*a20^3*a02^3 + 1/24*a03*a20*a11^3*a10 - 1/72*a12*a11^4*a10 - 1/6*a03*a20^2*a11*a02*a10 + 1/36*a12*a20*a11^2*a02*a10 + 1/24*a21*a11^3*a02*a10 + 1/9*a12*a20^2*a02^2*a10 - 1/6*a21*a20*a11*a02^2*a10 - 1/12*a30*a11^2*a02^2*a10 + 1/3*a30*a20*a02^3*a10 + 1/4*a03^2*a20^2*a10^2 - 1/6*a12*a03*a20*a11*a10^2 + 1/18*a12^2*a11^2*a10^2 - 1/12*a21*a03*a11^2*a10^2 + 1/9*a12^2*a20*a02*a10^2 - 1/6*a21*a03*a20*a02*a10^2 - 1/6*a21*a12*a11*a02*a10^2 + a30*a03*a11*a02*a10^2 + 1/4*a21^2*a02^2*a10^2 - 2/3*a30*a12*a02^2*a10^2 - 2/27*a12^3*a10^3 + 1/3*a21*a12*a03*a10^3 - a30*a03^2*a10^3 - 1/12*a03*a20^2*a11^2*a01 + 1/24*a12*a20*a11^3*a01 - 1/72*a21*a11^4*a01 + 1/3*a03*a20^3*a02*a01 - 1/6*a12*a20^2*a11*a02*a01 + 1/36*a21*a20*a11^2*a02*a01 + 1/24*a30*a11^3*a02*a01 + 1/9*a21*a20^2*a02^2*a01 - 1/6*a30*a20*a11*a02^2*a01 - 1/6*a12*a03*a20^2*a10*a01 - 1/6*a12^2*a20*a11*a10*a01 + 5/6*a21*a03*a20*a11*a10*a01 + 1/36*a21*a12*a11^2*a10*a01 - 3/4*a30*a03*a11^2*a10*a01 + 1/18*a21*a12*a20*a02*a10*a01 - 3/2*a30*a03*a20*a02*a10*a01 - 1/6*a21^2*a11*a02*a10*a01 + 5/6*a30*a12*a11*a02*a10*a01 - 1/6*a30*a21*a02^2*a10*a01 + 1/9*a21*a12^2*a10^2*a01 - 2/3*a21^2*a03*a10^2*a01 + a30*a12*a03*a10^2*a01 + 1/4*a12^2*a20^2*a01^2 - 2/3*a21*a03*a20^2*a01^2 - 1/6*a21*a12*a20*a11*a01^2 + a30*a03*a20*a11*a01^2 + 1/18*a21^2*a11^2*a01^2 - 1/12*a30*a12*a11^2*a01^2 + 1/9*a21^2*a20*a02*a01^2 - 1/6*a30*a12*a20*a02*a01^2 - 1/6*a30*a21*a11*a02*a01^2 + 1/4*a30^2*a02^2*a01^2 + 1/9*a21^2*a12*a10*a01^2 - 2/3*a30*a12^2*a10*a01^2 + a30*a21*a03*a10*a01^2 - 2/27*a21^3*a01^3 + 1/3*a30*a21*a12*a01^3 - a30^2*a03*a01^3 - a03^2*a20^3*a00 + a12*a03*a20^2*a11*a00 - 1/12*a12^2*a20*a11^2*a00 - 3/4*a21*a03*a20*a11^2*a00 + 1/24*a21*a12*a11^3*a00 + 5/8*a30*a03*a11^3*a00 - 2/3*a12^2*a20^2*a02*a00 + a21*a03*a20^2*a02*a00 + 5/6*a21*a12*a20*a11*a02*a00 - 3/2*a30*a03*a20*a11*a02*a00 - 1/12*a21^2*a11^2*a02*a00 - 3/4*a30*a12*a11^2*a02*a00 - 2/3*a21^2*a20*a02^2*a00 + a30*a12*a20*a02^2*a00 + a30*a21*a11*a02^2*a00 - a30^2*a02^3*a00 + 1/3*a12^3*a20*a10*a00 - 3/2*a21*a12*a03*a20*a10*a00 + 9/2*a30*a03^2*a20*a10*a00 - 1/6*a21*a12^2*a11*a10*a00 + a21^2*a03*a11*a10*a00 - 3/2*a30*a12*a03*a11*a10*a00 - 1/6*a21^2*a12*a02*a10*a00 + a30*a12^2*a02*a10*a00 - 3/2*a30*a21*a03*a02*a10*a00 - 1/6*a21*a12^2*a20*a01*a00 + a21^2*a03*a20*a01*a00 - 3/2*a30*a12*a03*a20*a01*a00 - 1/6*a21^2*a12*a11*a01*a00 + a30*a12^2*a11*a01*a00 - 3/2*a30*a21*a03*a11*a01*a00 + 1/3*a21^3*a02*a01*a00 - 3/2*a30*a21*a12*a02*a01*a00 + 9/2*a30^2*a03*a02*a01*a00 + 1/4*a21^2*a12^2*a00^2 - a30*a12^3*a00^2 - a21^3*a03*a00^2 + 9/2*a30*a21*a12*a03*a00^2 - 27/4*a30^2*a03^2*a00^2) """
###################################################################### # # Weierstrass form of biquadric in P1 x P1 # ###################################################################### """ Check the polynomial is weighted homogeneous in standard variables.
INPUT:
- ``biquadric`` -- the input polynomial. See :func:`WeierstrassForm` for details.
- ``variables`` -- the variables or ``None``. See :func:`WeierstrassForm` for details.
OUTPUT:
This functions returns ``variables``, potentially guessed from the polynomial ring. A ``ValueError`` is raised if the polynomial is not homogeneous.
EXAMPLES::
sage: from sage.schemes.toric.weierstrass import _check_polynomial_P1xP1 sage: R.<x0,x1,y0,y1> = QQ[] sage: biquadric = ( x0^2*y0^2 + x0*x1*y0^2*2 + x1^2*y0^2*3 ....: + x0^2*y0*y1*4 + x0*x1*y0*y1*5 + x1^2*y0*y1*6 ....: + x0^2*y1^2*7 + x0*x1*y1^2*8 ) sage: _check_polynomial_P1xP1(biquadric, [x0,x1,y0,y1]) [x0, x1, y0, y1] sage: _check_polynomial_P1xP1(biquadric, None) (x0, x1, y0, y1) sage: _check_polynomial_P1xP1(biquadric.subs(y0=1, y1=1), None) [x0, None, x1, None] sage: _check_polynomial_P1xP1(biquadric, [x0,y0,x1,y1]) Traceback (most recent call last): ... ValueError: The polynomial is not homogeneous with weights (1, 1, 0, 0) """ else: raise ValueError('Need two or four variables, got '+str(variables))
###################################################################### """ Return the partial discriminant wrt. `(y_0, y_1)`.
INPUT:
- ``quadric`` -- a biquadric.
- ``y_0``, ``y_1`` -- the variables of the quadric. The ``y_1`` variable can be omitted if the quadric is inhomogeneous.
OUTPUT:
A plane quartic in ``x0``, ``x1``.
EXAMPLES::
sage: R.<x0,x1,y0,y1,a00,a10,a20,a01,a11,a21,a02,a12,a22> = QQ[] sage: biquadric = ( x0^2*y0^2*a00 + x0*x1*y0^2*a10 + x1^2*y0^2*a20 ....: + x0^2*y0*y1*a01 + x0*x1*y0*y1*a11 + x1^2*y0*y1*a21 ....: + x0^2*y1^2*a02 + x0*x1*y1^2*a12 + x1^2*y1^2*a22 ) sage: from sage.schemes.toric.weierstrass import _partial_discriminant sage: _partial_discriminant(biquadric, y0, y1) x0^4*a01^2 + 2*x0^3*x1*a01*a11 + x0^2*x1^2*a11^2 + 2*x0^2*x1^2*a01*a21 + 2*x0*x1^3*a11*a21 + x1^4*a21^2 - 4*x0^4*a00*a02 - 4*x0^3*x1*a10*a02 - 4*x0^2*x1^2*a20*a02 - 4*x0^3*x1*a00*a12 - 4*x0^2*x1^2*a10*a12 - 4*x0*x1^3*a20*a12 - 4*x0^2*x1^2*a00*a22 - 4*x0*x1^3*a10*a22 - 4*x1^4*a20*a22 sage: _partial_discriminant(biquadric, x0, x1) y0^4*a10^2 - 4*y0^4*a00*a20 - 4*y0^3*y1*a20*a01 + 2*y0^3*y1*a10*a11 + y0^2*y1^2*a11^2 - 4*y0^3*y1*a00*a21 - 4*y0^2*y1^2*a01*a21 - 4*y0^2*y1^2*a20*a02 - 4*y0*y1^3*a21*a02 + 2*y0^2*y1^2*a10*a12 + 2*y0*y1^3*a11*a12 + y1^4*a12^2 - 4*y0^2*y1^2*a00*a22 - 4*y0*y1^3*a01*a22 - 4*y1^4*a02*a22 """ else:
###################################################################### r""" Bring a biquadric into Weierstrass form
Input/output is the same as :func:`WeierstrassForm`, except that the input polynomial must be a standard biquadric in `\mathbb{P}^2`,
.. MATH::
\begin{split} p(x,y) =&\; a_{40} x^4 + a_{30} x^3 + a_{21} x^2 y + a_{20} x^2 + \\ &\; a_{11} x y + a_{02} y^2 + a_{10} x + a_{01} y + a_{00} \end{split}
EXAMPLES::
sage: from sage.schemes.toric.weierstrass import WeierstrassForm_P1xP1 sage: R.<x0,x1,y0,y1>= QQ[] sage: biquadric = ( x0^2*y0^2 + x0*x1*y0^2*2 + x1^2*y0^2*3 ....: + x0^2*y0*y1*4 + x0*x1*y0*y1*5 + x1^2*y0*y1*6 ....: + x0^2*y1^2*7 + x0*x1*y1^2*8 ) sage: WeierstrassForm_P1xP1(biquadric, [x0, x1, y0, y1]) (1581/16, -3529/32)
Since there is no `x_1^2 y_1^2` term in ``biquadric``, we can dehomogenize it and get a cubic::
sage: from sage.schemes.toric.weierstrass import WeierstrassForm_P2 sage: WeierstrassForm_P2(biquadric(x0=1,y0=1)) (1581/16, -3529/32)
TESTS::
sage: R.<x0,x1,y0,y1,a00,a10,a20,a01,a11,a21,a02,a12,a22> = QQ[] sage: biquadric = ( x0^2*y0^2*a00 + x0*x1*y0^2*a10 + x1^2*y0^2*a20 ....: + x0^2*y0*y1*a01 + x0*x1*y0*y1*a11 + x1^2*y0*y1*a21 ....: + x0^2*y1^2*a02 + x0*x1*y1^2*a12 ) sage: WeierstrassForm_P1xP1(biquadric, [x0, x1, y0, y1]) (-1/48*a11^4 + 1/6*a01*a11^2*a21 - 1/3*a01^2*a21^2 + 1/6*a20*a11^2*a02 + 1/3*a20*a01*a21*a02 - 1/2*a10*a11*a21*a02 + a00*a21^2*a02 - 1/3*a20^2*a02^2 - 1/2*a20*a01*a11*a12 + 1/6*a10*a11^2*a12 + 1/3*a10*a01*a21*a12 - 1/2*a00*a11*a21*a12 + 1/3*a10*a20*a02*a12 - 1/3*a10^2*a12^2 + a00*a20*a12^2, 1/864*a11^6 - 1/72*a01*a11^4*a21 + 1/18*a01^2*a11^2*a21^2 - 2/27*a01^3*a21^3 - 1/72*a20*a11^4*a02 + 1/36*a20*a01*a11^2*a21*a02 + 1/24*a10*a11^3*a21*a02 + 1/9*a20*a01^2*a21^2*a02 - 1/6*a10*a01*a11*a21^2*a02 - 1/12*a00*a11^2*a21^2*a02 + 1/3*a00*a01*a21^3*a02 + 1/18*a20^2*a11^2*a02^2 + 1/9*a20^2*a01*a21*a02^2 - 1/6*a10*a20*a11*a21*a02^2 + 1/4*a10^2*a21^2*a02^2 - 2/3*a00*a20*a21^2*a02^2 - 2/27*a20^3*a02^3 + 1/24*a20*a01*a11^3*a12 - 1/72*a10*a11^4*a12 - 1/6*a20*a01^2*a11*a21*a12 + 1/36*a10*a01*a11^2*a21*a12 + 1/24*a00*a11^3*a21*a12 + 1/9*a10*a01^2*a21^2*a12 - 1/6*a00*a01*a11*a21^2*a12 - 1/6*a20^2*a01*a11*a02*a12 + 1/36*a10*a20*a11^2*a02*a12 + 1/18*a10*a20*a01*a21*a02*a12 - 1/6*a10^2*a11*a21*a02*a12 + 5/6*a00*a20*a11*a21*a02*a12 - 1/6*a00*a10*a21^2*a02*a12 + 1/9*a10*a20^2*a02^2*a12 + 1/4*a20^2*a01^2*a12^2 - 1/6*a10*a20*a01*a11*a12^2 + 1/18*a10^2*a11^2*a12^2 - 1/12*a00*a20*a11^2*a12^2 + 1/9*a10^2*a01*a21*a12^2 - 1/6*a00*a20*a01*a21*a12^2 - 1/6*a00*a10*a11*a21*a12^2 + 1/4*a00^2*a21^2*a12^2 + 1/9*a10^2*a20*a02*a12^2 - 2/3*a00*a20^2*a02*a12^2 - 2/27*a10^3*a12^3 + 1/3*a00*a10*a20*a12^3)
sage: _ == WeierstrassForm_P1xP1(biquadric.subs(x1=1,y1=1), [x0, y0]) True """
###################################################################### # # Weierstrass form of anticanonical hypersurface in WP2[1,1,2] # ###################################################################### """ Check the polynomial is weighted homogeneous in standard variables.
INPUT:
- ``polynomial`` -- the input polynomial. See :func:`WeierstrassForm` for details.
- ``variables`` -- the variables or ``None``. See :func:`WeierstrassForm` for details.
OUTPUT:
This functions returns ``variables``, potentially guessed from the polynomial ring. A ``ValueError`` is raised if the polynomial is not homogeneous.
EXAMPLES:
sage: from sage.schemes.toric.weierstrass import _check_polynomial_P2_112 sage: R.<x,y,z,t> = QQ[] sage: polynomial = z^4*t^2 + x*z^3*t^2 + x^2*z^2*t^2 + x^3*z*t^2 + \ ....: x^4*t^2 + y*z^2*t + x*y*z*t + x^2*y*t + y^2 sage: _check_polynomial_P2_112(polynomial, [x,y,z,t]) (x, y, z, t) sage: _check_polynomial_P2_112(polynomial, None) (x, y, z, t) sage: _check_polynomial_P2_112(polynomial(z=1, t=1), None) (x, y, None, None) sage: _check_polynomial_P2_112(polynomial, [x,y,t,z]) Traceback (most recent call last): ... ValueError: The polynomial is not homogeneous with weights (1, 0, 1, -2) """ else: else: raise ValueError('Need two or four variables, got '+str(variables))
r""" Bring an anticanonical hypersurface in `\mathbb{P}^2[1,1,2]` into Weierstrass form.
Input/output is the same as :func:`WeierstrassForm`, except that the input polynomial must be a standard anticanonical hypersurface in weighted projective space `\mathbb{P}^2[1,1,2]`:
.. MATH::
\begin{split} p(x,y) =&\; a_{40} x^4 + a_{30} x^3 + a_{21} x^2 y + a_{20} x^2 + \\ &\; a_{11} x y + a_{02} y^2 + a_{10} x + a_{01} y + a_{00} \end{split}
EXAMPLES::
sage: from sage.schemes.toric.weierstrass import WeierstrassForm_P2_112 sage: fan = Fan(rays=[(1,0),(0,1),(-1,-2),(0,-1)],cones=[[0,1],[1,2],[2,3],[3,0]]) sage: P112.<x,y,z,t> = ToricVariety(fan) sage: (-P112.K()).sections_monomials() (z^4*t^2, x*z^3*t^2, x^2*z^2*t^2, x^3*z*t^2, x^4*t^2, y*z^2*t, x*y*z*t, x^2*y*t, y^2) sage: WeierstrassForm_P2_112(sum(_), [x,y,z,t]) (-97/48, 17/864)
TESTS::
sage: R.<x,y,z,t,a40,a30,a20,a10,a00,a21,a11,a01,a02> = QQ[] sage: p = ( a40*x^4*t^2 + a30*x^3*z*t^2 + a20*x^2*z^2*t^2 + a10*x*z^3*t^2 + ....: a00*z^4*t^2 + a21*x^2*y*t + a11*x*y*z*t + a01*y*z^2*t + a02*y^2 ) sage: WeierstrassForm_P2_112(p, [x,y,z,t]) (-1/48*a11^4 + 1/6*a21*a11^2*a01 - 1/3*a21^2*a01^2 + a00*a21^2*a02 - 1/2*a10*a21*a11*a02 + 1/6*a20*a11^2*a02 + 1/3*a20*a21*a01*a02 - 1/2*a30*a11*a01*a02 + a40*a01^2*a02 - 1/3*a20^2*a02^2 + a30*a10*a02^2 - 4*a40*a00*a02^2, 1/864*a11^6 - 1/72*a21*a11^4*a01 + 1/18*a21^2*a11^2*a01^2 - 2/27*a21^3*a01^3 - 1/12*a00*a21^2*a11^2*a02 + 1/24*a10*a21*a11^3*a02 - 1/72*a20*a11^4*a02 + 1/3*a00*a21^3*a01*a02 - 1/6*a10*a21^2*a11*a01*a02 + 1/36*a20*a21*a11^2*a01*a02 + 1/24*a30*a11^3*a01*a02 + 1/9*a20*a21^2*a01^2*a02 - 1/6*a30*a21*a11*a01^2*a02 - 1/12*a40*a11^2*a01^2*a02 + 1/3*a40*a21*a01^3*a02 + 1/4*a10^2*a21^2*a02^2 - 2/3*a20*a00*a21^2*a02^2 - 1/6*a20*a10*a21*a11*a02^2 + a30*a00*a21*a11*a02^2 + 1/18*a20^2*a11^2*a02^2 - 1/12*a30*a10*a11^2*a02^2 - 2/3*a40*a00*a11^2*a02^2 + 1/9*a20^2*a21*a01*a02^2 - 1/6*a30*a10*a21*a01*a02^2 - 4/3*a40*a00*a21*a01*a02^2 - 1/6*a30*a20*a11*a01*a02^2 + a40*a10*a11*a01*a02^2 + 1/4*a30^2*a01^2*a02^2 - 2/3*a40*a20*a01^2*a02^2 - 2/27*a20^3*a02^3 + 1/3*a30*a20*a10*a02^3 - a40*a10^2*a02^3 - a30^2*a00*a02^3 + 8/3*a40*a20*a00*a02^3)
sage: _ == WeierstrassForm_P2_112(p.subs(z=1,t=1), [x,y]) True
sage: cubic = p.subs(a40=0) sage: a,b = WeierstrassForm_P2_112(cubic, [x,y,z,t]) sage: a = a.subs(t=1,z=1) sage: b = b.subs(t=1,z=1) sage: from sage.schemes.toric.weierstrass import WeierstrassForm_P2 sage: (a,b) == WeierstrassForm_P2(cubic.subs(t=1,z=1), [x,y]) True """ |